福建省基本农田保护条例

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福建省基本农田保护条例

福建省人大常委会


福建省基本农田保护条例
福建省人大常委会


(1994年9月16日福建省第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议审议通过 1994年9月17日公布施行)

目 录

第一章 总 则
第二章 基本农田保护区的划定
第三章 基本农田的保护与管理
第四章 法律责任
第五章 附 则

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了对基本农田实行特殊保护,稳定耕地面积,促进农业生产和国民经济发展,根据《中华人民共和国农业法》、《中华人民共和国土地管理法》和国务院《基本农田保护条例》等有关法律法规,结合本省实际,制定本条例。
第二条 本条例所称基本农田,是根据本省国民经济和社会发展对主要农产品的需求,以及对建设用地的预测而确定的、长期不得占用或基本农田保护区规划期内不得占用的耕地。
本条例所称基本农田保护区,是指对基本农田实行特殊保护而依照法定程序划定的区域。
第三条 本条例适用于本省行政区域内基本农田保护区的划定、保护和监督管理。
第四条 各级人民政府应当将基本农田保护工作纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,列入本级人民政府的目标管理,作为本级人民政府领导任期目标责任制的重要内容,由上一级人民政府监督实施。
第五条 县级以上人民政府土地管理部门和农业行政主管部门按照本条例规定,负责本行政区域内基本农田的保护、管理工作。
乡级人民政府负责本行政区域内基本农田的保护、管理工作。
第六条 各级人民政府对在基本农田保护工作中取得显著成绩的单位和个人,应当给予奖励。

第二章 基本农田保护区的划定
第七条 基本农田保护区规划和保护区面积指标,由省土地管理部门和农业行政主管部门会同其他有关部门编制,经省人民政府批准后执行,并报省人大常委会备案。
全省基本农田保护区面积不得少于1500万亩。
第八条 下列耕地应当划入基本农田保护区:
(一)高产、稳产田;
(二)国家和地方人民政府确定的粮、油、蔗及名、特、优、新农产品的生产基地;
(三)有良好的水利与水土保持设施的耕地;
(四)蔬菜生产基地;
(五)农业科研、教学试验田和良种繁育基地;
(六)当地政府认为应当予以保护的农田。
城市规划区内的耕地,除城市近期建设发展规划用地外,应当划入基本农田保护区。
第九条 基本农田保护区的划定程序为:
(一)县级土地管理部门和农业行政主管部门根据上级下达的基本农田面积指标,会同其他有关部门编制本行政区域内的基本农田保护区规划方案,经县级人民政府审定,报市人民政府或地区行政公署批准后,组织实施,并报县级人大常委会备案;
(二)乡(镇)人民政府根据县级人民政府下达的基本农田保护面积指标,按行政村划定保护面积,并绘制基本农田平面图和乡(镇)基本农田保护区分布图;
(三)乡(镇)基本农田保护区划定后,由县级土地管理部门会同农业等部门审核、汇总,绘制县级基本农田保护区分布图;
(四)县级基本农田保护区及其分布图经县级人民政府同意,由县级土地管理部门报地(市)土地管理部门,经地(市)土地管理部门会同同级农业行政主管部门验收合格,报市人民政府或地区行政公署批准后,由县级人民政府公告,并报省土地管理部门、农业行政主管部门备案。
市、县人民政府所在地的城市建设规划控制范围内的各类基本农田保护区,经市、县土地管理部门会同农业、城市规划行政主管部门直接划定后,由市、县人民政府公告,并报省、地(市)土地管理部门和农业行政主管部门备案。
第十条 基本农田保护区的保护单元最小为集中连片10亩的耕地。
基本农田保护区划定后,保护界址、面积不得随意改变。
第十一条 基本农田保护区划定后,乡(镇)人民政府应向县级土地管理部门报送以下资料:
(一)基本农田保护区面积汇总表。内容包括权属单位、利用类别、土地面积、作物、总产量、总产值等;
(二)基本农田保护区基本情况登记表。以村为单位分块登记利用类别、地块名称、地块四至、地块面积、作物产量、责任人等;
(三)基本农田保护区分布图(比例尺1:10000或1:25000)。
第十二条 划定的基本农田保护区,由县级土地管理部门登记造册,并设置县级人民政府制作的保护标志。
第十三条 划定基本农田保护区工作所需的经费,由土地管理部门提出计划报同级财政核批。

第三章 基本农田的保护与管理
第十四条 基本农田保护区划定后,县级以上人民政府应当与下一级人民政府签订基本农田保护责任书;乡级人民政府应与农业集体经济组织或者村民委员会签订基本农田保护责任书。
基本农田保护责任书,由省人民政府印制。
第十五条 基本农田保护区划定后,各级农业行政主管部门必须有计划地组织农业生产经营组织和农业劳动者,进行农田基本建设,推广农业科技,提高耕地质量。
第十六条 非农业建设使用基本农田实行许可证制度。
非农业建设确需使用基本农田的,应当向市、县土地管理部门领取并填写《申领〈基本农田使用许可证〉呈报表》,经市、县农业行政主管部门同意后,持下列文件向省土地管理部门申领《基本农田使用许可证》:
(一)建设项目的批准文件;
(二)建设用地申请表或预约用地申请表。
第十七条 省土地管理部门应在受理申请之日起15日内,决定是否发给《基本农田使用许可证》。不发给的,应当书面通知申请人,并说明理由。
建设用地单位和个人在领取《基本农田使用许可证》后,方可按《福建省土地管理实施办法》规定的征(拨)用地审批程序与权限,办理审批手续。
未领取《基本农田使用许可证》的,县级以上人民政府不得批准使用基本农田。
第十八条 非农业建设使用基本农田的单位和个人,除按有关规定缴纳土地税费外,在申领《基本农田使用许可证》时,应当向省土地管理部门缴纳基本农田开发基金。基本农田开发基金,水田每亩2万元至5万元,其他类别的农田每亩1万元至2.5万元,具体标准由省人民政府另
行制定。
属于国家兴办的水利、交通、能源、公共福利事业项目的,经省人民政府批准,可予减免基本农田开发基金。
第十九条 基本农田开发基金按财政预算外资金管理,80%用于开发新耕地(含围垦、开垦新耕地),20%用于改造中低产田。使用时,由土地管理部门和农业行政主管部门分别编制用款计划,报同级财政部门审核拨付,任何单位和个人不得侵占、挪用。
收取的基本农田开发基金,实行省、地(市)、县(市、区)三级分成,其中县级60%,省、地(市)各20%。
第二十条 基本农田被批准占用的,地(市)、县(市、区)人民政府应当适时在本行政区域内调整补充,保持基本农田面积相对稳定,调整程序按本条例第九条第一款规定办理;还应当按照“占多少,垦多少”的原则,在用地年度内组织开垦新耕地。当地确实无条件组织开垦新耕地
的,应当按《福建省开发耕地管理办法》组织异地开垦。
第二十一条 省土地管理部门对收取的基本农田开发基金,可提留2%的业务管理费。其使用办法由省土地管理部门、农业行政主管部门会同财政部门制定。
第二十二条 县级以上农业行政主管部门,负责本行政区域内基本农田的质量管理,建设基本农田地力监测网络,定期公布地力变化情况,并为农业生产经营组织和农业劳动者提供农业科技指导。
第二十三条 修建铁路、公路,开办矿山、电力和其他工业企业使用或影响基本农田的,在建设项目环境影响报告书中,必须有基本农田环境保护方案。
基本农田环境保护设施,应当与建设项目主体工程同时设计、同步施工、同期投入使用。基本农田环境保护设施建成后,由审批用地人民政府的同级土地管理部门会同环境保护、农业等部门验收。
非农业建设破坏基本农田水利设施的,应当负责修复并赔偿损失。

第四章 法律责任
第二十四条 农业生产经营组织或农业劳动者,非因自然灾害等不可抗力而人为抛荒基本农田的,由县级以上土地管理部门责令限期复耕;超过规定期限拒不复耕的,由土地所有权单位收回土地使用权或经营权。
非农业建设经批准使用基本农田的单位和个人,超过一年未使用的,由县级以上土地管理部门对其收取每平方米5元至10元的土地闲置费;超过二年未使用的,由县级以上土地管理部门依法收回土地使用权。
收取的土地闲置费用于开发新耕地。
第二十五条 破坏基本农田保护区设施或擅自改变保护标志的单位或个人,由县级以上土地管理部门责令其恢复原状或赔偿损失,并处以300元至500元的罚款。
第二十六条 因建设造成污染基本农田的,由县级以上环境保护行政主管部门会同土地管理部门责令造成污染的单位或个人限期治理,赔偿经济损失。
第二十七条 违反本条例规定,逾期未缴纳土地闲置费的,除按期追缴外,并从滞纳之日起,按日加收3‰滞纳金。
第二十八条 违反本条例第十七条第三款规定的,其批准文件无效,由此给用地、被用地单位和个人造成损失的,批准单位和个人应当负责经济赔偿;对非法批准占用基本农田的单位主管人员和个人,由其所在单位或者上级主管机关给予行政处分。
第二十九条 基本农田保护管理工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的,由其所在单位或其上级主管机关给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。

第五章 附 则
第三十条 《基本农田使用许可证》由省土地管理局统一印制。
第三十一条 本条例由福建省人民政府负责解释。
第三十二条 本条例自公布之日起施行。



1994年9月17日
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《外派海员类对外劳务合作经营资格管理规定》补充规定

商务部


中华人民共和国商务部令2010年第1号 《<外派海员类对外劳务合作经营资格管理规定>补充规定》

中华人民共和国商务部令 2010年第1号


  《<外派海员类对外劳务合作经营资格管理规定>补充规定》已于2009年12月31日经中华人民共和国商务部2009年第31次部务会议审议通过,现予以公布,自2010年3月1日起施行。



部长:陈德铭
二〇一〇年一月二十六日


《外派海员类对外劳务合作经营资格管理规定》补充规定


  为促进香港、澳门与内地建立更紧密经贸关系,根据《〈内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排〉补充协议六》及《〈内地与澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排〉补充协议六》,现就《外派海员类对外劳务合作经营资格管理规定》(商务部令2005年第15号)做出如下补充规定:

  一、香港和澳门服务提供者在内地设立的独资、合资或合作国际船舶管理公司在申请外派海员类对外劳务合作经营资格时,无须事先申请外商投资职业介绍机构或人才中介机构资格。

  二、香港服务提供者在内地设立的国际船舶管理公司在取得外派海员类对外劳务合作经营资格后,只能向香港船东拥有的船舶或在香港注册的船舶派出内地海员;澳门服务提供者在内地设立的国际船舶管理公司在取得外派海员类对外劳务合作经营资格后,只能向澳门船东拥有的船舶或在澳门注册的船舶派出内地海员。

  三、本规定中的香港特别行政区的服务提供者应符合《内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》中关于"服务提供者"定义及相关规定的要求;本规定中的澳门特别行政区的服务提供者应符合《内地与澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》中关于"服务提供者"定义及相关规定的要求。

  四、本规定自2010年3月1日起施行。


中华人民共和国邮政法(附英文)

全国人民代表大会


中华人民共和国主席令(六届第47号)

《中华人民共和国邮政法》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议于1986年12月2日通过,现予公布,自1987年1月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席 李先念
1986年12月2日


中华人民共和国邮政法

(1986年12月2日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议通过 1986年12月2日中华人民共和国主席令第四十七号公布 自1987年1月1日起施行)

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了保护通信自由和通信秘密,保障邮政工作的正常进行,促进邮政事业的发展,以适应社会主义建设和人民生活的需要,根据《中华人民共和国宪法》,制定本法。
第二条 国务院邮政主管部门管理全国邮政工作。
国务院邮政主管部门根据需要设立地区邮政管理机构,管理各该地区的邮政工作。
第三条 国务院邮政主管部门所属的邮政企业是全民所有制的经营邮政业务的公用企业。
邮政企业按照国务院邮政主管部门的规定设立经营邮政业务的分支机构。
第四条 通信自由和通信秘密受法律保护。除因国家安全或者追查刑事犯罪的需要,由公安机关、国家安全机关或者检察机关依照法律规定的程序对通信进行检查外,任何组织或者个人不得以任何理由侵犯他人的通信自由和通信秘密。
第五条 用户交寄的邮件、交汇的汇款和储蓄的存款受法律保护。除法律另有规定外,任何组织或者个人不得检查、扣留。
第六条 邮政企业应当为用户提供迅速、准确、安全、方便的邮政服务。
除法律另有规定外,邮政企业和邮政工作人员不得向任何组织或者个人提供用户使用邮政业务的情况。
第七条 邮件和汇款在未投交收件人、收款人之前,所有权属于寄件人或者汇款人。
第八条 信件和其他具有信件性质的物品的寄递业务由邮政企业专营,但是国务院另有规定的除外。
邮政企业根据需要可以委托其他单位或者个人代办邮政企业专营的业务。代办人员办理邮政业务时,适用本法关于邮政工作人员的规定。
第九条 任何单位或者个人不得伪造或者冒用邮政专用标志、邮政标志服和邮政专用品。
第二章 邮政企业的设置和邮政设施
第十条 邮政企业及其分支机构的设置标准,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十一条 邮政企业应当在方便群众的地方设置分支机构、邮亭、报刊亭、邮筒等设施,或者进行流动服务。
城市居民楼应当设置住户接收邮件的信报箱。
在较大的车站、机场、港口和宾馆内,应当设有办理邮政业务的场所。
第三章 邮政业务的种类和资费
第十二条 邮政企业经营下列业务:
(一)国内和国际邮件寄递;
(二)国内报刊发行;
(三)邮政储蓄、邮政汇兑;
(四)国务院邮政主管部门规定的适合邮政企业经营的其他业务。
第十三条 邮政企业及其分支机构不得擅自停办国务院邮政主管部门和地区邮政管理机构规定的必须办理的邮政业务。
因不可抗力或者特殊原因,邮政企业及其分支机构需要暂时停止或者限制办理部分邮政业务,必须经国务院邮政主管部门或者地区邮政管理机构批准。
第十四条 邮政企业应当加强报刊发行工作。出版单位委托邮政企业发行报刊,应当与邮政企业订立发行合同。
第十五条 邮政业务的基本资费,由国务院物价主管部门制定,报国务院批准。非基本资费由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十六条 各类邮件资费的交付,以邮资凭证或者证明邮资已付的戳记表示。
第十七条 邮票、邮资信封、邮资明信片、邮资邮简等邮资凭证由国务院邮政主管部门发行,任何单位或者个人不得伪造。
仿印邮票图案的管理办法,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十八条 售出的邮资凭证不得向邮政企业及其分支机构兑换现金。
停止使用的邮资凭证,由国务院邮政主管部门在停止使用前一个月公告并停止出售,持有人可以自公告之日起六个月内向邮政企业及其分支机构换取有效的邮资凭证。
第十九条 下列邮资凭证不得使用:
(一)经国务院邮政主管部门公告已经停止使用的;
(二)盖销或者划销的;
(三)污染、残缺或者褪色、变色,难以辨认的;
(四)从邮资信封、邮资明信片、邮资邮简上剪下的邮票图案。
第四章 邮件的寄递
第二十条 用户交寄邮件,必须遵守国务院有关主管部门关于禁止寄递物品、限量寄递物品的规定。
第二十一条 用户交寄除信件以外的其他邮件,应当交邮政企业或者其分支机构当面验视内件。拒绝验视的,不予收寄。
用户交寄的信件必须符合准寄内容的规定,必要时邮政企业及其分支机构有权要求用户取出进行验视。
第二十二条 邮政企业及其分支机构应当按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的时限投交邮件。
第二十三条 无法投递的邮件,应当退回寄件人。
无法投递又无法退回的信件,在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内无人认领的,由地区邮政管理机构负责销毁。
无法投递又无法退回的进口国际邮递物品,在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内无人认领的,由海关依法处理。
无法投递又无法退回的其他邮件的处理办法,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第二十四条 邮政汇款的收款人应当自收到汇款通知之日起两个月内凭有效证明到邮政企业或者其分支机构兑领汇款;逾期未领的汇款,由邮政企业或者其分支机构退回汇款人。自退汇通知投交汇款人之日起满十个月未被领回的汇款,上缴国库。
第二十五条 寄递邮件逐步实行邮政编码,具体办法由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第五章 邮件的运输、验关和检疫
第二十六条 铁路、公路、水运、航空等运输单位均负有载运邮件的责任,保证邮件优先运出,并在运费上予以优惠。
第二十七条 邮政企业在车站、机场、港口转运邮件,有关运输单位应当统一安排装卸邮件的场所和出入通道。
第二十八条 带有邮政专用标志的邮政车船和邮政工作人员进出港口、通过渡口时,应当优先放行。带有邮政专用标志的邮政车辆需要通过禁行路线或者在禁止停车地段停车的,由有关主管部门核准通行、停车。
第二十九条 邮件通过海上运输时,不参与分摊共同海损。
第三十条 国际邮递物品未经海关查验放行,邮政企业不得寄递。国际邮袋出入境、开拆和封发,应当由海关监管。邮政企业应当将作业时间事先通知海关,海关应当按时派员到场监管查验。
第三十一条 依法应当施行卫生检疫或者动植物检疫的邮件,由检疫部门负责拣出并进行检疫;未经检疫部门许可,邮政企业不得运递。
第六章 损失赔偿
第三十二条 用户对交寄的给据邮件和交汇的汇款,可以在交寄或者交汇之日起一年内,持据向收寄、收汇的邮政企业或者其分支机构查询。邮政企业及其分支机构应当在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内将查询结果通知查询人。
查复期满无结果的,邮政企业应当先予赔偿或者采取补救措施。自赔偿之日起一年内,查明有本法第三十四条第(二)项和第(三)项情形之一的,邮政企业有权收回赔偿。
第三十三条 邮政企业对于给据邮件丢失、损毁、内件短少,依照下列规定赔偿或者采取补救措施:
(一)挂号信件,按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的金额赔偿。
(二)保价邮件,丢失或者全部损毁的,按照保价额赔偿;内件短少或者部分损毁的,按照保价额同邮件全部价值的比例对邮件实际损失予以赔偿。
(三)非保价邮包,按照邮包实际损失价值赔偿,但是最高不超过国务院邮政主管部门规定的限额。
(四)其他给据邮件,按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的办法赔偿或者采取补救措施。
第三十四条 有下列情形之一的,邮政企业不负赔偿责任:
(一)平常邮件的损失;
(二)由于用户的责任或者所寄物品本身的原因造成给据邮件损失的;
(三)除汇款和保价邮件以外的其他给据邮件由于不可抗力的原因造成损失的;
(四)用户自交寄给据邮件或者交汇汇款之日起满一年未查询又未提出赔偿要求的。
第三十五条 用户因损失赔偿同邮政企业发生争议的,可以要求邮政企业的上级主管部门处理,对处理不服的可以向人民法院起诉;也可以直接向人民法院起诉。
第七章 罚 则
第三十六条 隐匿、毁弃或者非法开拆他人信件,侵犯公民通信自由权利,情节严重的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百四十九条的规定追究刑事责任;尚不够刑事处罚的,依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》第二十二条的规定处罚。
第三十七条 邮政工作人员私自开拆或者隐匿、毁弃邮件的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百九十一条第一款的规定追究刑事责任。
犯前款罪而窃取财物的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百九十一条第二款的规定,按贪污罪从重处罚。
第三十八条 故意损毁邮筒等邮政公用设施,尚不够刑事处罚的,依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》第二十五条的规定处罚;情节严重的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百五十六条的规定追究刑事责任。
第三十九条 邮政工作人员拒不办理依法应当办理的邮政业务的,故意延误投递邮件的,给予行政处分。邮政工作人员玩忽职守,致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百八十七条的规定追究刑事责任。
第四十条 违反本法第八条规定,经营信件和其他具有信件性质的物品的寄递业务的,由工商行政管理部门责令其将收寄的信件和其他具有信件性质的物品及收取的资费退还寄件人,处以罚款。
当事人对处罚决定不服的,可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉;逾期不起诉又不履行的,由工商行政管理部门申请人民法院强制执行。
第八章 附 则
第四十一条 本法下列用语的含义是:
(一)邮件:指通过邮政企业寄递的信件、印刷品、邮包、汇款通知、报刊等。
(二)信件:指信函和明信片。
(三)平常邮件:指邮政企业及其分支机构在收寄时不出具收据,投递时不要求收件人签收的邮件。
(四)给据邮件:指挂号信件、邮包、保价邮件等由邮政企业及其分支机构在收寄时出具收据,投递时要求收件人签收的邮件。
(五)国际邮递物品:指中华人民共和国与其他国家和地区的用户相互寄递的印刷品和邮包。
(六)邮政专用品:指邮政日戳、邮政夹钳和邮袋。
第四十二条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的有关国际邮政事务的国际条约同本法有不同规定的,适用该国际条约的规定。但是,中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
第四十三条 国务院邮政主管部门根据本法制定实施细则,报国务院批准施行。
第四十四条 本法自1987年1月1日起施行。






POSTAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
POSTAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 47 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on December 2, 1986, and
effective as of January 1, 1987)

Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Establishment of Postal Enterprises and Postal Facilities
Chapter III Classification of Postal Businesses and Postal Rates
Chapter IV Posting and Delivery of Postal Materials
Chapter V Transportation, Customs Examination and Quarantine
Inspection of Postal Materials
Chapter VI Compensation for Losses
Chapter VII Penalty Provisions
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's
Republic of China, with a view to protecting freedom and privacy of
correspondence, ensuring normal progress of postal work, and promoting
development of postal services, so as to suit the needs of socialist
construction and the livelihood of the people.
Article 2
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall
administer postal services throughout the country.
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall
set up regional administrative organs of postal services as required to
administer postal services of each region.
Article 3
The postal enterprises attached to the competent department of postal
services under the State Council are public enterprises, owned by the
whole people, that operate postal businesses.
According to stipulations of the competent department of postal services
under the State Council, postal enterprises shall establish branch offices
that operate postal businesses
Article 4
Freedom and privacy of correspondence shall be protected by law. No
organization or individual shall infringe upon the freedom and privacy of
correspondence of other persons for any reason, except when the inspection
of correspondence in accordance with legal procedures by the public
security organ, the state security organ or the procuratorial organ is
necessary for the state's safety or the investigation of criminal offence.
Article 5
Postal materials handed in or posted, remittances made and savings
deposited by users shall be protected by law, and shall not be inspected
and withheld by any organization or individual except as otherwise
provided by law.
Article 6
Postal enterprises shall provide users with fast, accurate, safe and
convenient postal services.
Postal enterprises and postal staff shall not provide information to any
organization or individual about users' dealings with postal services
except as otherwise provided for by law.
Article 7
Postal materials and remittances shall be owned by senders and remitters
before they are delivered to recipients and remittees.
Article 8
Posting and delivery services of mail and other articles with
characteristics of mail shall be exclusively operated by postal
enterprises, except as otherwise provided by the State Council.
Postal enterprises may, according to needs, entrust other units or
individuals as agents to run businesses exclusively operated by postal
enterprises. The provisions on postal personnel specified in this Law
shall apply to agents when they handle postal businesses.
Article 9
No unit or individual shall produce false copies or make fraudulent use of
special postal marks, postal uniforms and special postal articles.

Chapter II Establishment of Postal Enterprises and Postal Faci- lities
Article 10
Standards for establishment of postal enterprises and their branch offices
shall be formulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council.
Article 11
Postal enterprises shall establish branch offices, postal kiosks,
newspaper and periodical stands, mailboxes, etc., in places convenient to
the masses, or provide mobile services. Residents' mailboxes for receiving
letters and newspapers shall be installed in residential buildings in
cities.
Places shall be provided for handling postal business in larger railway
stations, airports, ports and guest houses.

Chapter III Classification of Postal Businesses and Postal Rates
Article 12
Postal enterprises operate the following businesses:
(1) posting and delivery of domestic and international postal materials;
(2) distributing domestic newspapers and periodicals;
(3) postal savings and postal remittances; and
(4) other suitable businesses stipulated by the competent department of
postal services under the State Council.
Article 13
Postal enterprises and their branch offices shall not arbitrarily close
down postal businesses that must be handled according to the stipulations
made by the competent department of postal services under the State
Council and the regional administrative organ of postal services.
Owing to force majeure or special reasons, if postal enterprises and their
branch offices need to close down temporarily or restrict the handling of
some postal businesses, they must obtain approval of the competent
department of postal services under the State Council or of regional
postal administrative organs.
Article 14
Postal enterprises shall strengthen distribution work of newspapers and
periodicals. If publishing units entrust postal enterprises with
distribution of newspapers and periodicals, they must make distribution
contracts with postal enterprises.
Article 15
The basic postal rates of postal services shall be set by the competent
department in charge of pricing under the State Council and shall be
reported to the State Council for approval. Non-basic postal rates shall
be formulated by the competent department of postal services under the
State Council.
Article 16
The payment of postage on various postal materials shall be indicated by
postage certificates or by postmarks showing postage paid.
Article 17
Postage stamps, stamped envelopes, stamped postcards, stamped aerogrammes
and other postage certificates shall be issued by the competent department
of postal services under the State Council, and no unit or individual
shall be allowed to produce false copies. The administrative measures on
making facsimiles of stamp patterns shall be formulated by the competent
department of postal services under the State Council.
Article 18
Postage certificates sold shall not be cashed in postal enterprises or
their branch offices. Postage certificates to be withdrawn from
circulation shall be announced to the public, and sales will be stopped
one month in advance by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council. Holders of such postage certificates may exchange them
for valid postage certificates at postal enterprises and their branch
offices within six months from the date of the announcement.
Article 19
The following postage certificates shall not be used:
(1) those which the competent department of postal services under the
State Council has announced as withdrawn from usage;
(2) those that have been postmarked or cancelled;
(3) those that are contaminated, incomplete or illegible due to fading or
discolouring; and
(4) stamp patterns cut from stamped envelopes, stamped postcards and
stamped aerogrammes.

Chapter IV Posting and Delivery of Postal Materials
Article 20
In handing in or posting postal materials, users must abide by the
provisions formulated by the relevant competent department under the State
Council on articles forbidden to post or deliver and articles to be posted
or delivered in limited amounts.
Article 21
The contents of postal materials, other than letters, to be handed in or
posted by users, shall be checked on the spot by postal enterprises or
branch offices, and if such examination is refused, the postal material
shall not be accepted and posted. Mail handed in or posted by users must
be in line with the stipulations concerning the content allowed to be
posted; postal enterprises and their branch offices have the right to
request users to take out the contents for examination, when necessary.
Article 22
Postal enterprises and their branch offices shall deliver postal materials
within the time limits laid down by the competent department of postal
services under the State Council.
Article 23
Undeliverable postal materials shall be returned to the senders.
Mail that is both undeliverable and unreturnable, and unclaimed within the
time limit stipulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council, shall be destroyed on the authority of regional
administrative organs of postal services. Incoming international postal
articles that are undeliverable and unreturnable, and unclaimed within the
time limit stipulated by the competent department of postal offices under
the State Council, shall be handled by the Customs in accordance with the
law. Disposal measures for other undeliverable and unreturnable postal
materials shall be formulated by the competent department of postal
services under the State Council.
Article 24
The remittees of postal remittances shall cash the postal remittances with
valid documents at postal enterprises or branch offices within two months
of receiving notice of a postal remittance. Remittances unclaimed when the
time period expires shall be returned to the remitters by postal
enterprises or branch offices. Returned remittances which are unclaimed
for a period of ten months, counting from the date of delivering the
return-remittance notice to the remitter, shall be turned over to the
state treasury.
Article 25
In posting and delivering postal materials, postal codes shall be adopted
gradually, and specific pertinent measures shall be formulated by the
competent department of postal services under the State Council.

Chapter V Transportation, Customs Examination and Quarantine Ins- pection of Postal Materials
Article 26
Transportation units operating railways, highways, waterways and airlines
shall all have the responsibility of carrying and transporting postal
materials, and shall ensure priority to transporting postal materials at
preferential freight charges.
Article 27
When postal enterprises transfer postal materials in railway stations,
airports and ports, transportation units concerned shall make coordinated
arrangement of space and in-and-out passageways for loading and unloading
postal materials.
Article 28
Ships with special postal marks, postal vans and postal staff shall be
given priority in entering and departing ports and crossing on ferries.
Postal vehicles with special postal marks which need to pass through a
lane closed to traffic or to stop in no-parking sections of the road shall
be verified and approved by the competent department concerned for passing
or parking.
Article 29
When transported by sea, postal materials shall not be included in
arrangements for sharing common sea losses.
Article 30
Postal enterprises shall not post or deliver international postal articles
that are not examined and allowed to pass by the Customs. The Customs
shall supervise the entry and exit, opening, sealing and dispatching of
international mailbags. Postal enterprises shall inform the Customs of
their business hours in advance, and the Customs shall promptly send
officials to supervise on-the-spot checking and examination.
Article 31
Postal materials that are subject to health and quarantine inspections or
animal and plant quarantine inspections according to law shall be sorted
out and quarantined under the charge of quarantine offices; no
transportation and delivery shall be conducted by postal enterprises
without a permit from a quarantine office.

Chapter VI Compensation for Losses
Article 32
Users may present receipts and inquire, within one year counting from the
date of the posting or remitting, about vouchered postal materials and
remittances which they handed in for posting or remitting at the postal
enterprises or their branch offices that took in the postal materials or
accepted the remittances. Postal enterprises or branch offices shall
inform inquirers of the results of inquiry within the time limit set by
the competent department of postal services under the State Council.
If no result is found within the time limit for responding to the inquiry,
postal enterprises shall make compensation first or take remedial
measures. Within a year counting from the date of making such
compensation, if it is ascertained that the circumstance for which the
compensation was made conforms with either Item (2) or Item (3) of Article
34 of this Law, the postal enterprises shall have the right to recall the
compensation.
Article 33
For loss, damage, destruction or missing contents of vouchered postal
materials, postal enterprises shall make compensation or take remedial
measures according to the following stipulations:
(1) For registered mail, compensation shall be made according to standard
amounts formulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council.
(2) For insured postal materials which are lost or totally damaged or
destroyed, compensation shall be made according to the insurance coverage.
For missing contents or partial damage or destruction of insured postal
materials, compensation shall be made according to the actual losses of
the postal materials, based on the ratio between the insurance coverage
and the whole value of the postal materials.
(3) For uninsured postal parcels, compensation shall be made according to
the actual damage due to loss of such postal parcels, but the maximum
compensation shall not exceed the amount formulated by the competent
department of postal services under the State Council.
(4) For other types of vouchered postal materials, compensation shall be
made or remedial measures taken according to the measures provided for by
the competent department of postal services under the State Council.
Article 34
Postal enterprises shall not be held liable for compensation if one of the
following situations occurs:
(1) losses of ordinary postal materials;
(2) losses of vouchered postal materials caused by the user or due to some
characteristic of the posted articles per se;
(3) losses of vouchered postal materials, other than postal remittances
and insured postal materials, caused by force majeure; and
(4) users failing to inquire about or demand compensation at the end of
one year, counting from the date of handing in or posting the vouchered
postal materials or making the remittance.
Article 35
If disputes over compensation for losses occur between users and postal
enterprises, users may request the competent department of postal services
at higher levels to settle; users who refuse to accept the settlement
thereof may file lawsuits with the people's court; users may also file
lawsuits with the people's court directly.

Chapter VII Penalty Provisions
Article 36
Persons who infringe upon the citizens' right to freedom of correspondence
by concealing, destroying, discarding or illegally opening mail of another
person, where circumstances are serious, shall be investigated for
criminal liability according to the provisions of Article 149 of the
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China; those whose acts are not
serious enough for criminal punishment shall be punished according to the
provisions of Article 22 of Regulations of the People's Republic of China
on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.
Article 37
Postal personnel who without permission open or conceal, destroy or
discard postal materials shall be investigated for criminal liability in
accordance with Paragraph 1 in Article 191 of the Criminal Law of the
People's Republic of China.
Those who commit the crime specified in the preceding provision and also
steal property therein shall be given a heavier punishment for the crime
of embezzlement in accordance with Paragraph 2 in Article 191 of the
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 38
Persons who intentionally damage or destroy public postal facilities such
as mailboxes, where such acts are not serious enough for criminal
punishment, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article
25 of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Administrative
Penalties for Public Security; where circumstances are serious, such
persons shall be investigated for criminal liability in accordance with
the provisions of Article 156 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic
of China.
Article 39
Postal personnel who refuse to handle postal business which should be
handled according to law or who intentionally delay the delivery of postal
materials shall be given administrative disciplinary sanction. Postal
personnel who are derelict in their duties and bring about great loss to
public property and the interests of the state and the people shall be
investigated for criminal liability in accordance with the provisions of
Article 187 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 40
Persons who, in violation of provisions of Article 8 of this Law, handle
the business of posting and delivering mail or articles with
characteristics of mail shall be ordered by industrial and commercial
administrative authorities to return the mail and other articles and the
postal fees they have obtained from the senders, and a fine shall be
imposed on them.
Parties concerned who refuse to obey the decision of punishment may bring
suit to the people's court within 15 days of receiving the penalty notice.
If parties concerned neither bring suit to the people's court nor
implement the decision before the time limit expires, the industrial and
commercial administrative authorities shall apply to the people's court
for mandatory enforcement.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 41
The meanings of the following terms used in this Law are:
(1) postal materials: referring to mail, printed matter, postal parcels,
money orders, newspapers, periodicals, etc., posted and delivered by
postal enterprises.
(2) mail: referring to letters and postcards.
(3) ordinary postal materials: referring to the postal materials that
postal enterprises and their branch offices do not issue receipts for upon
acceptance and posting, and do not request recipients to sign for on
delivery.
(4) vouchered postal materials: referring to postal materials such as
registered mail, postal parcels, insured postal materials, etc., that the
postal enterprises and their branch offices issue receipts for upon
acceptance and posting, and for which recipients are requested to sign on
delivery.
(5) international postal articles: referring to printed matter and postal
parcels posted and delivered between users of the People's Republic of
China and users of foreign countries or regions.
(6) special postal articles: referring to postal date-marks, postal tongs
for lead sealing and postal bags.
Article 42
If provisions of this Law contravene those of the international treaties
concerning international postal affairs which the People's Republic of
China has concluded or to which China is a party, the provisions of the
international treaties concerned shall prevail, with the exception of the
treaty clauses on which the People's Republic of China has declared
reservations.
Article 43
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall,
in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which
shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State
Council.
Article 44
This Law shall go into effect on January 1, 1987.